Sole proprietorship for real estate in Cornol: what every SME should know
Swiss accounting law (art. 957 ff. of the Code of Obligations) sets a precise frame, yet day-to-day practice often stays fuzzy. This guide walks through what actually matters for a business based in Cornol.
Choosing the structure: Sàrl, SA or sole proprietorship
The choice of legal form turns on three axes: liability (limited to capital for Sàrl and SA, unlimited for the sole trader), taxation (economic double taxation of company profit and dividends versus direct income taxation) and pensions (the employee of their own Sàrl is subject to mandatory LPP; the self-employed insure voluntarily).
First accounting reflex for sole proprietorship: open the document numbering with the very first expense, even before registration. Founding costs are deductible — if documented.
Swiss VAT: rates, threshold and filings
Charging VAT is not a matter of style: the number, the correct rate, the tax amount — the tax administration checks the form as closely as the substance, including at SMEs in Cornol.
The net tax rate method simplifies life for small structures: one flat industry rate applied to turnover, with semi-annual filing. In exchange, input VAT is not deducted separately. The effective-versus-flat-rate choice should be reviewed periodically against the cost structure.
Salaries and social contributions: the rates to know
Every salary paid in Switzerland triggers joint contributions: AHV/IV/APG at 10.6% in total, i.e. 5.3% borne by the employer and 5.3% withheld from the employee; unemployment insurance at 2.2% (1.1% each) up to CHF 148,200 of annual salary. Add occupational pension (LPP credits of 7 to 18% of the coordinated salary depending on age, employer at least 50%), accident insurance (occupational accidents paid by the employer) and family allowances.
Withholding tax applies to foreign employees without a C permit: the employer deducts tax at the cantonal rate and remits it. The annual salary certificate remains mandatory for all staff — it is the linchpin connecting payroll accounting, tax returns and AHV audits.
Digitalising sole proprietorship: what actually works
A serious accounting document archive links every record to its entry, timestamps versions and logs access — exactly what Swiss bookkeeping regulation expects from probative electronic retention. Chronological filing by financial year becomes an automatic by-product.
Electronic archiving is fully recognised: Swiss bookkeeping regulation admits electronic retention of records provided integrity and readability are guaranteed for the 10 years of art. 958f CO. A paper binder is no longer an obligation — provided the archiving system is serious.
Cornol: what changes, what does not
Sole proprietorship, Sàrl or SA in Cornol: the AHV contact remains the competent compensation office, and taxes follow the scales of the canton Jura.
Federal deadlines do not move in Cornol: VAT within 60 days, salary declaration in January, 10-year record retention — postal code 2952 changes nothing about those rules, only the sender's address.
Frequently asked questions
Which documents should be prepared for the year-end closing?
Bank and cash statements at the closing date, the inventory of stock and work in progress, final AHV/LPP/accident settlements, contracts signed or amended during the year, invoices straddling two years and the detail of accruals. With an up-to-date document archive, most of it is already there. The list is identical in Cornol: the CO dictates it, not the commune.
How much does sole proprietorship cost in Cornol?
It depends on document volume, the number of salaries and VAT complexity — no serious figure can be quoted without examining the file. Two levers cut the bill everywhere: digitised, well-filed receipts and software that prepares entries instead of having them re-keyed.
How long must records related to sole proprietorship be kept?
Ten years from the end of the financial year concerned (art. 958f CO). Electronic retention is permitted if the integrity and readability of the records are guaranteed — a serious digital archive validly replaces paper binders. A business in Cornol can therefore archive fully digitally.
What is simplified bookkeeping and who can use it?
Sole proprietorships and partnerships under CHF 500,000 of revenue may limit themselves to recording income, expenses and assets (art. 957 para. 2 CO). Once over the threshold — or upon founding a Sàrl or an SA — full accounts with balance sheet, income statement and notes become mandatory. The CHF 500,000 threshold is assessed the same way in Cornol.
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