Everything that matters about sole proprietorship comparison in Fribourg
Swiss accounting law (art. 957 ff. of the Code of Obligations) sets a precise frame, yet day-to-day practice often stays fuzzy. This guide walks through what actually matters for a business based in Fribourg.
Choosing the structure: Sàrl, SA or sole proprietorship
Contributions in kind (vehicle, equipment, client portfolio) are possible when founding a Sàrl or an SA, but they follow strict valuation and disclosure rules. Cash contribution remains the simple route, in Fribourg as elsewhere.
Sole proprietorship starts on day one: founding capital, notary and register fees are the first entries. Opening a separate business bank account immediately — even for a sole proprietorship — saves hours of sorting private from business.
Swiss VAT: rates, threshold and filings
A VAT return is prepared, not endured: clean VAT accounts, one code per rate and a monthly variance check make the deadline trivial — for registered businesses in Fribourg too.
Input VAT deduction is the flip side of VAT charged: tax paid on purchases and investments comes back through the return, receipt in hand. Rigorous entry of supplier invoices therefore translates directly into cash.
Digitalising sole proprietorship: what actually works
Access for the fiduciary, the auditor and employees is set by roles: view, enter, approve, close. Well-set rights protect the data and speed up collaboration.
The winning pair for sole proprietorship: a single inbox (e-mail, scan, photo) and one simple rule — no document sits more than a few days without a proposed entry.
The Swiss legal frame for sole proprietorship
Whether a business sits in Fribourg or elsewhere in Switzerland, the same federal law applies — one of the strengths of the Swiss system for sole proprietorship. Cantonal differences concentrate on taxation (rates, filing deadlines); bookkeeping itself follows art. 957 ff. CO everywhere.
One simple principle drives sole proprietorship: every franc in or out must be explainable by a document, an entry and an account. All of Swiss accounting law fits inside that traceability requirement.
Fribourg: what changes, what does not
Sole proprietorship, Sàrl or SA in Fribourg: the AHV contact remains the competent compensation office, and taxes follow the scales of the canton Fribourg.
For a business in Fribourg, that means VAT returns identical to anywhere in Switzerland, but a tax return and family allowances governed by the canton Fribourg.
Frequently asked questions
Which documents should be prepared for the year-end closing?
Bank and cash statements at the closing date, the inventory of stock and work in progress, final AHV/LPP/accident settlements, contracts signed or amended during the year, invoices straddling two years and the detail of accruals. With an up-to-date document archive, most of it is already there. The list is identical in Fribourg: the CO dictates it, not the commune.
What is simplified bookkeeping and who can use it?
Sole proprietorships and partnerships under CHF 500,000 of revenue may limit themselves to recording income, expenses and assets (art. 957 para. 2 CO). Once over the threshold — or upon founding a Sàrl or an SA — full accounts with balance sheet, income statement and notes become mandatory. The CHF 500,000 threshold is assessed the same way in Fribourg.
What is the difference between a limited and an ordinary audit?
The ordinary audit applies to companies exceeding, for two consecutive years, two of three thresholds: CHF 20 million balance sheet total, CHF 40 million revenue, 250 full-time positions. Others fall under the limited audit, and those with no more than ten full-time positions on annual average can opt out with all shareholders' consent. These federal thresholds do not depend on the registered seat — in Fribourg as anywhere.
What are the legal obligations for sole proprietorship in Switzerland?
The foundation is the Code of Obligations: proper bookkeeping (art. 957a CO), annual accounts (balance sheet, income statement, notes) and 10-year retention of books and records (art. 958f CO). VAT applies from CHF 100,000 of turnover, and social insurance settlements from the first employee. Nothing is different in Fribourg: federal law applies.
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